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Jun 01, 2017· Manufacturing of cement (key ingredient used for the production of concrete) is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions (Imbabi et al., 2012). The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to offset a portion of the cement in concrete is a promising method for reducing the environmental impact from the industry.
Jun 01, 2017· Nigeria's abundant solid minerals constitute some of the largest known deposits in recent years under different categories. With the activities in the sector characterized by production and a growing environmental decline often overlooked. This research uses a mix scale approach of descriptive statistics and GIS methodology in analyzing the ecological impacts of mining in Nigeria.
The performance of Portland cement in concrete or mortar formation is very well influenced by chemical compositions among other factors. Many engineers usually have little information on the chemical compositions of cement in making decisions for the choice of commercially available Portland cement in Ghana. This work analyzed five different brands of Portland cement in Ghana, namely, Ghacem ...
How Many Blocks Can Build 2 bedroom Flat? Owning a house is a great thing that can happen in an individual's life.. The cost of renting houses have increased greatly over the last decade. In someplace, the cost of renting a 3-bedroom flat is enough to build a standard 2-bedroom.
used in construction industry, concrete consumes a high quantity of natural resources. Mehta and Monteiro (2006) reported that about 11.5 billion tons of resources are being used annually for the production of ordinary concrete consisting of 1.5 billion tons cement, 1 billion tons of water, and 9 billion tons of aggregates.
cement industry, as compared to U.S. cement industry totals. Table 2-1 Cement Industry Economic Statistics California U.S. CA share of U.S. Total establishments 31 279 11% Establishments with 20 employees or more 15 136 11% Number of employees 1,927 .
tic concrete. Olutoge (2010) investigated the suitability of sawdust and palm kernel shells as replacement for fine and coarse aggregate in the production of reinforced concrete slabs. He concluded that 25% sawdust and palm kernel subs-titution reduced the cost of concrete production by 7.45%.
For over 50 years, Nigeria has aspired to build a public-funded iron and steel industry to accelerate the pace of economic development, but so far, the efforts have not been successful, mostly due ...
Supplementary cementitious materials are most needed to enhance a sustainable development in poor communities. It is pertinent to investigate the suitability of such alternative materials for construction. The present study evaluates the strength characteristics of concrete made with varied proportion of Cordia millenii ash blended with Portland cement.
Suitability of Nigerian Portland-limestone cement grades for building's concrete structural members in . Kazeem K., ADEWOLE, Wasiu O. AJAGBE, and Folake O. AKINTAYO . On the basis of the various exposure classes specified in [1] and [7], the various exposure classes building obtainable in Nigeria are as follows: Building concrete
Cement 1979. revised 1995 Foreword ... waste products from aggregate production; and poorly graded and dirty sands from gravel pits. ... materials can be hardened with portland cement. The general suitability of soil materials for soil-cement can be judged, be-
2) Cement: The cement used for this research work was a 42.5 grade OPC manufacture by Dangote Cement Industry Plc., Gboko plant and was obtain from a local retailer in Makurdi Benue state. 3) Aggregate: The fine aggregate used was river sand obtained at the bank of the river Benue in Makurdi, Nigeria.
Sep 01, 2016· These products can be used as a filler material (substituting sand) to reduce the void content in concrete. Granite powder is an industrial byproduct obtained from crushing of granite stone and granite stone polishing industry in a powder form. It is also generated from recycling marble tops, terrazzo, granite pavers, and stone scraps and discards.
Nov 20, 2007· The Environmental Guidelines and Standards for the Petroleum Industry in Nigeria (EGASPIN) 2002, published by the DPR provides that the Director of Petroleum Resources shall issue permits for all aspects of oil-related effluent discharges from point sources (gaseous, liquid and solid), and oil-related project development.
This article summarizes the information available on the country's limestone and marble deposits (the geology, occurrences, characteristics, reserves, production and quality). Recommendations are proposed for developing the limestone and marble industry to make a positive contribution to the national economy.
CEMENT - SAND - STONE relationship; In practice a 50kg of cement bag contains 2 head pan of cement; this means that if i have a plan to mix 1 bag of cement my mixing ratio would be: 1:2:4 = 1 bag of cement : 4 head-pans of sand : 8 head-pans of stone 1:3:6 = 1 bag of cement : 6 head-pans of sand : 12 head-pans of stone
The Portland-limestone cement grades 32.5 and 42.5 employed for this research were bought from the depots of the cement manufacturers certified by the Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON), the agency in charge of standardisation in Nigeria, which guaranteed that good quality cements were used for .
nation's forest industry, the paper sub-sector is the worst performing sector among all the industries (Aina and Adeniyi 2019). Three paper mills were established by the federal government of Nigeria in the 1970s, Nigerian Paper mill in Jebba, Nigeria Newsprint Manufacturing Company in Oku Iboku, and Iwopin Pulp and Paper Company in Ogun State.
The high cost of construction materials like cement and reinforcement bars, has led to increased cost of construction [1]. This, coupled with the pollution associated with cement production, has necessitated a search for an alternative binder which can be used sorely or in partial replacement of cement in concrete production. More so,
weight aggregate (machine crushed granite) with maximum size of 20mm and was obtained from PW Nigeria Quarry site near Vom, Jos south local government of Plateau state. It has a specific gravity and bulk density of 2.63 and 1370 kg/m3 respectively. The water used throughout the .
The variation in the prices is as a factor of the place and period of purchase. Here are prices of popular cement brands in Nigeria. Dangote Cement . 50kg-pack of Dangote cement – ₦2,500 – N2, 800; From 600 packs to 1 Trailer – From ₦1,510,000; Elephant Cement
Mining industry and legacy impacts. Mining activities are not new and indeed may have started in Neolithic (Chalcolithic) times to obtain the first metals for tool fabrication (Reardon 2011). In the Classic Greece and in the Roman Empire, many mines were exploited for production of iron, lead, copper, gold, and other metals.
The effect of cement production on the environment has made the research for alternative materials to cement popular in the last decades, various work has been conducted in this area, by looking for materials that will totally or partially replace cements in the construction industry.
production. The use of these SCMs as admixtures not only improves concrete properties but protects and conserves the environment by saving energy and natural resources [1]. Thus, studies have been conducted to find the suitability of waste ash to replace cement in conventional concrete [4], [5][2], [3],.
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